Our work extends a previously published randomized placebo-controlled trial that recruited healthy white European and South Asian women who were given 15 µg of vitamin D 2 or D 3 daily over 12 weeks in wintertime in the UK (Nov-Mar) by additionally determining changes in the blood transcriptome over the intervention period using microarrays. In this study we seek to redress the gap in knowledge by undertaking an in-depth examination of changes in the human blood transcriptome following supplementation with physiological doses of vitamin D 2 and D 3. Functional equivalence in their vitamin D-dependent effects on human physiology is usually assumed but has in fact not been well defined experimentally. Vitamins D 2 and D 3 share a high degree of structural similarity. However, it also exerts a broad range of extra-skeletal effects on cellular physiology and on the immune system. Vitamin D is best known for its role in maintaining bone health and calcium homeostasis. 3Human Nutrition Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle, United Kingdom.2School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom.1Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom.Durrant 1†‡, Giselda Bucca 1,2†‡, Andrew Hesketh 2‡, Carla Möller-Levet 1, Laura Tripkovic 1, Huihai Wu 1, Kathryn H.
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